An Autonomous System (AS) is a large network that has a common routing policy used to serve a set of IP prefixes. An AS is assigned to a single organization and is connected to multiple ASes to route IP packets in a redundant manner. An AS is assigned a 16-bit or 32-bit number (ASN) by the IANA to Internet Service Providers (ISPs), governments, universities, and enterprises.

A RIR (or Regional Internet Registry) is a nonprofit organization that allocates Internet Numbers which is comprised of IPv4 Addresses, IPv6 Addresses, and ASN (Autonomous System Numbers) within their respective regions. An IP address is a globally unique number that is assigned to computing devices to communicate with each other within a network (or Internet). ASN is a group of one or more IP prefixes that are used to define routing policy. With IP Address and ASN, IP packets are routed from one IP address to another regardless of where they are located within the world. There are 5 RIRs in the world, and their serving regions:

Before we can discuss CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing), we need to understand what IP address is, how it is divided (subnetting), and what versions of IP addresses are available. Currently, there are IPv4 (version 4) and IPv6 (version 6) addresses. IPv4 was introduced in 1980, and it is a 32-bit number having a total of about 4.3 million addresses. With the prosperity of the Internet and smart devices joining the network, 4.3 million IP addresses weren't enough to connect all devices available worldwide, and hence 128-bit IPv6 address was invented in 1998. For each computer, smartphone, tablet, and IoT devices joining the Internet, the number of IP addresses available within IPv4 wasn't enough to connect all devices.

When you're connected to a network, your computer or smart device will obtain an IP address either from your ISP or your router. There are 2 ways how you can assign an IP address to your device: (1) dynamically via DHCP or (2) statically by manually assigning an IP address yourself. In either case, you must use the IP address that is provided to you by your ISP, or the IP range you allocated yourself within your private space (i.e. private IP address).

To be online, each and every computing device must have an IP Address to communicate with other devices over the Internet. An IP Address is assigned to a computing device via an DHCP server or manually assigned a static IP address. Computing devices include desktop PCs, Macs, Servers, Smartphones, Tablets, Amazon Echos, Routers, and any other smart devices that are connected to the Internet.

An IP Address is a unique address assigned to a computing device such as a computer, tablet, or smartphone. An IP address is analogous to the postal address of a house (or the phone number of your smartphone), where two houses cannot have the same address as a mailman will be confused about where to deliver the mail.

One of the biggest challenges with online stores is detecting and preventing fraudulent orders. Fraudsters attempt to use stolen credit cards to purchase goods online, and sometimes such transactions do go through without detection. Learn how to detect fraudulent orders by examining the IP address.

Technology has come a long way and is constantly evolving every day and it's no exception with geolocation. Thanks to this, geolocation has found a very strong and everyday use in today's world. RFID (radio frequency identification) tags have come about as a result of this and function as neat little devices which can be tagged to other items that have no means of connecting to the Internet. Through this, one can then geolocate these tags and their tagged objects.

A web bug is also referred to as web beacon, pixel tag, clear GIF, invisible GIF. It is one of the techniques used in emails or web pages to check what the user has accessed. These are in most cases invisible and are used for web analytics. In most cases, web bug arrives in the form of an image and can be detected by the user only if the source code is checked. A web bug is small graphic and hence can work easily with low bandwidth or weak network connection.

Most of us believe that our IP address can be tracked only by the Internet Service Provider. Did you know that there are multiple ways in which someone can spy on your IP address? Anybody knowing one of these techniques can easily reveal your IP address. To spy on your IP address, they do not need your permission. Spying on someone's IP address can be used to trace cyberbullying as well as bad intentions.